Unfortunately, it seems as though the people we love most are usually the ones who end up hurting us the worst. In a family setting, emotional hurt generally makes up the bulk of this pain. However, in the wrong circumstances, the vulnerability of family relationships can easily be twisted, leading to things like domestic violence, abuse, and other serious crimes.
Because of this, family law often shares real estate with criminal law—despite the fact that they technically fall under different court systems. Here, we will discuss some of those crossover situations, and when you might want to include a San Joaquin criminal defense lawyer in your family law case.
Civil and Criminal Crossover Cases
Most of the time, family law matters fall under the civil court system. In civil court, individuals bring suits against each other, and usually arise over things like divorce, property disputes, torts, and contractual obligations. This is different from criminal court, where the government (either state or federal) brings a case against a citizen, directly.
For example, take domestic violence. While it is a family law issue (and thus, subject to civil court), as a crime protected by California’s domestic violence laws, these actions are also subject to criminal ramifications. Here, the government would not need your permission to press its own charges. Once a case has been filed, the government—as an entity—can choose whether or not it wants to pursue other penalties—regardless of how you feel about the matter. Thus, in these situations, a perpetrator could end up facing consequences in both civil and criminal courts.
As family law attorneys, here are some of the most common crossover cases we see between family and criminal law.
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is defined by harm caused inside of an intimate relationship, and it is one of the most frequent crossovers to come up family court. While most people think of harm as hitting, bruising, and breaking bones, domestic violence actually extends beyond that. Harassing, stalking, threatening, destroying property, making threats—even if they are against another person, and not to you, personally—are all behaviors that fall under the domestic violence umbrella.
In addition to whatever civil court consequences can be earned here (such as divorce orders, damages, and possible alterations to child custody and visitation), the state might also choose to press charges. Depending on the facts, domestic violence can either be classified as a misdemeanor or a felony. Perpetrators could be fined, charged with probation, earn jail time, and even end up in a state prison.
Sexual Abuse
In addition to general provisions regarding sexual assault and rape, California’s penal code specifically mentions spousal rape—because being married doesn’t mean you get to have sex whenever you want. Consent is still critical. Thus, individuals convicted of spousal rape could face the better part of a decade behind bars, pay steep fines, and end up as a registered sex offender for life. Other types of sexual abuse (such as nonconsensual groping, oral, or other touching using threats, force, or harm) can also trigger a crossover cases between family and criminal courts.
The penal code further clarifies that community property cannot be used to assuage liability under these charges. So basically, even if your ex tries to bribe you, by offering a favorable property split in your divorce if you drop the charges, this wouldn’t eliminate whatever penalties are coming from the state in criminal court.
Child Abuse
Other common crossover cases involve children, where abuse, endangerment, neglect, and abandonment are most likely to surface. Typically, California courts do not look kindly on individuals who have committed these crimes, and can levy a sentence of up to six years in state prison, if convicted.
A person who has:
Intentionally hurt a child;
Leaving visible injury; whose actions were,
Outside normal disciplinary actions,
Would likely be guilty of child abuse. In California, spanking your child is legal, however since there’s a lot of interpretation involved in this, if your discipline has been called into question, it’s best to discuss options with your San Joaquin criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible.
Juvenile Criminal Cases
Because children haven’t yet reached the age of majority, most juvenile cases are handled outside the general criminal system reserved for adults. Baring unusual circumstances, juvenile crimes are treated more like civil offenses, or rather “family,” matters, and are exempt from the full force of California’s criminal code. In a juvenile criminal case, the parents are expected to appear in court with their child, and can even be fined on behalf of their child’s behavior.
For these reasons, many family law attorneys also cover a range of juvenile criminal cases.
False Allegations of Abuse
On the other hand, it’s possible you are on the receiving end of abuse allegations. California is a no-fault divorce state, meaning that fault (including abuse) cannot be factored into things like property division. However, that doesn’t mean it wouldn’t affect your divorce at all. Especially if children are involved.
In California, every decision involving a child is analyzed based on the best interest of the child. Naturally, placing a child with an abusive parent would not be in their best interest, and so, abuse allegations—even false ones—could certainly damage a potential custody and visitation schedule in your divorce.
Because the state takes child abuse so seriously, if your spouse has falsely accused you of abuse in order to influence a custody order, it’s critical you notify your San Joaquin criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible.
San Joaquin Criminal Defense Lawyers
While family and criminal law operate under two different systems, because of the emotionally charged nature of families, the two often go hand in hand. If your family law issue has turned ugly, and you believe you need the assistance of a San Joaquin criminal defense lawyer, we can help. Call us at (209) 989-4425, or get in touch online to schedule your consultation today. Most of the time, your situation can be handled in house by our competent team of experienced family law attorneys. However, if needed, we can refer your case to other, highly qualified criminal defense lawyers.
Courts in California generally recognize that kids benefit most from a good relationship with both parents, even when those parents don’t get along with each other. There are some exceptions, such as cases in which one parent has been abusive, but for the most part, children have a right to have relationships with both parents.
What Do You Mean When You Say Full Custody?
When most people say “full custody,” they typically mean sole custody – a situation in which one parent has legal and physical custody of the child but the other parent does not.
Legal custody is a parent’s authority to make decisions about a child’s education, his or her religious upbringing, health and general welfare.
Physical custody refers to a child’s physical presence with a parent.
Sometimes parents only mean to say that they want full physical custody of their children while the other parent is entitled to visitation. If that’s the case in your situation, your divorce attorney may encourage you to
Requesting Full Custody: What the Courts Need to See
If you’re requesting full custody of your kids, you’ll have to provide the court with a compelling reason your children’s other parent shouldn’t share custody with you. You can’t expect the court to just take your word for it; in fact, you’ll have to prove that there is a valid reason that your ex shouldn’t be part of your children’s lives.
Some of the cases that cause courts to rule entirely in one parent’s favor when it comes to full custody include:
Child abuse. In cases where there is documented child abuse, the courts may grant the non-abusive parent full custody. It’s important that you have documentation to back up your claims, such as photos or police reports, when you’re accusing the other parent of abuse. Remember that false allegations can destroy your credibility, however, and that the court may question your ability to foster a loving relationship between your children and the other parent if you are willing to make false allegations of abuse.
Domestic violence. From the Administrative Office of the Courts: “If a court decides there is domestic violence (now or in the past 5 years) against a parent or the children, the judge must follow special rules to decide custody of the children. Usually, the judge cannot give custody to the person who committed domestic violence. But the judge can give that person visitation.” (Even then, the judge may still be able to give custody to the person who committed the domestic violence.)
Drug or alcohol abuse. The courts can consider substance abuse in a custody dispute, which includes the abuse of prescription medications, street drug use, or alcohol abuse. However, just the allegation (or even proof) that the other parent has used drugs or abused alcohol isn’t usually enough to support a full custody claim. Usually, the other parent must frequently, habitually or continually use illegal drugs or abuse alcohol. (The court may limit parenting time or create other orders that protect the children due to occasional drug use or alcohol abuse, however.)
Abandonment. If one parent has abandoned the children, the courts may recognize that there hasn’t been any bonding between the kids and that parent. In cases such as those, it wouldn’t be in the kids’ best interests to share custody – especially if the other parent is unreliable and may drop right back out of the children’s lives.
Do You Need to Talk to an Attorney About Child Custody?
If you’re still wondering how you can get full custody of your children during your divorce, we may be able to help you. Call us at 209-910-9865 or get in touch with a Stockton divorce attorney online to schedule a consultation today. We’ll discuss your case, find out about your circumstances and start formulating a plan that gets you and your children the best possible outcome.
